Social Imagination - 682 Words

The story of an hour, is about Louisise Mallard, a women with heart trouble that learned her husband died in a railroad disaster. Lousise sister, Josephine, did not tell Mrs.Mallard straightforward that he was dead, but instead veiled hints. Mrs. Mallard husband friend Richard, was one of the first to know, but wanted to make sure it was true before breaking the news. Once Richard found out that it was true, he still did not want to tell Mrs. Mallard. Mrs. Mallard immediately started crying, but then was bumrushed with the emotion of being free. Her freedom of an hour ended when her husband walked through the door. Mrs. Mallard was in so in shock that her heart ended up giving her trouble and she dies. According to Online Philosphy†¦show more content†¦According to the story of an hour, Mrs. Mallard could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life. It was clear that she was set free and was excited about her ne w life that was awaiting. Louise had a lot of mixed emotions going on. She felt alone that she do not have her husband to share the upcoming years with, but only because she was use to living in his shadow. There was a moment when Josephine came to the door and insisted that Mrs. Mallard open the door. Josephine was feeling that her sister could not on without her husband, and would harm herself. Josephine was unaware that her sister was soaking it all on that she was â€Å"Free Free Free†. When Louise opened the door for her sister she immediately went back into a grieving stage. It was apparent that she was overreacting in front of her, but behind closed doors, she was celebrating. When Mrs. Mallard realizes that her husband was alive, she died of shock. Louise refused to go back to misery. She had high hopes for her new life and for it to be snatched away so abruptly was so painful that could not live on. The story of an hour, was a journey full of emotions, that took o ver Lousise life. Her heart was in sp much pain that her heart failed. When Louise received the bad news that her husband had passed away, it was expected that she would go through the stages of deathShow MoreRelatedSocial Imagination579 Words   |  3 PagesSocial Imagination and Same Sex marriage and society. To me social imagination is the ability to remove yourself from a given situation whether it affects your life or not personally and try to imagine the situation or conflict from a different perspective or more global view. It’s the personal aspect that affects our judgments, opinions and actions in a particular situation. Removal of the personal viewpoint gives us a much fairer and unbiased way to make a decision that is fair. Removing ourRead MoreSociological Imagination And Social Imagination1431 Words   |  6 Pagesof its history and individuals. The history and individuals, are also in turn, influenced by its society. That is why it is important in the furthering of understanding a society, to observe it through the eyes of an outsider. Sociological imagination as defined by C. Wright Mills is the ability to view how a society s unique historical circumstances influence the people and simultaneously how the history is also affected by the people of the society (Mills, 1959). I am a product of my societyRead MoreThe Social Imagination of Forrest Gump1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sociological Imagination of Forrest Gump OR The Sociological Imagination Concept As Illustrated by the Movie, Forrest Gump What is sociological imagination? Our textbook describes sociological imagination as the ability to see our private experiences, personal difficulties, and achievements as, in part, a reflection of the structural arrangements of society and the times in which we live. The movie entitled Forrest Gump is a great example of sociological imagination. In this paper, I willRead MoreSociological Imagination and Social Issues1251 Words   |  6 PagesSociological Imagination and Social Issues People are more likely to use psychological arguments to explain why things are they way they are rather than look at the sociological aspect of them. They think that problems happening in their lives are personal and overlook that they may be caused by society (Ferris amp; Stein 13). Sociological imagination challenges people to look at the â€Å"intersection between biography and history† and see the role we each play in society (Mills 1959 and Ferris amp;Read MoreSocial Interaction : A Sociological Imagination976 Words   |  4 PagesSocial interaction occurs between all individuals in society and can be studied through the use of the sociological imagination. A sociological imagination allows one to link their everyday activities and situations to society as a whole. I can study my own personal social interactions and the situations I encounter by applying concepts, theories, and perspectives that sociologists have developed for analyzing society and social situations. A lthough I encounter situations on a day-to-day basis, oneRead MoreImaginary Friend; Is It a Problem?709 Words   |  3 Pagesconcerns regarding this issue, and the multiple visits to pediatricians, for fear that your child is suffering from some kind of disorder that could affect her future. Children at the age of 2 to 3 years old often begin to develop skills such as imagination, and it is at this stage when they begin to know their imaginary friends, almost establishing a parallel life to theirs. According to many experts, having unreal companions will not bring problems to our kids in their development. Actually, thisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Shelley s Alastor Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesAlastor and its ambivalence. The definition will not be strictly from the Narrator, but Shelley’s entire perspective. The reader will have a new objective to contemplate in the topic of the role of the poet. In the Preface, Shelley discusses the imaginations and functions of human beings; which is utilized as a definition of the role of the poet: ‘The Poet is represented as uniting these requisitions, and attaching them to a single image’. The human mind is an extremely complex mechanism; there mayRead More The Use of Force, A Story of Guilt Essay761 Words   |  4 Pagestwo children lying dead in bed of neglect. His guilt of how he handled the situation plunges his imagination down a dark, immoral path. The pivotal point between reality and his vivid imagination becomes clear when he states, I explained the danger but said that I would not insist on the throat examination so long as they (her parents) would take the responsibility. This is where his imagination takes over. Instantly, his adoration and love for the young girl turns to utter loathing. He goesRead MoreHow Imagination Can Build A Virtual World And Stay Away From The Real World1754 Words   |  8 PagesI magination is widely used for people to work and live. Technological development creates an opportunity for people to access technology. Indeed, people would prefer to use imagination to create a virtual world and stay away from the real world. The essay â€Å" Alone Together† written by Sherry Turkle, argues that technology and imagination would affect the authenticity of life in society. Turkle also states that as technology developed, it makes humans doubt intimacy, connectivity, authenticity andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Little Princess 2282 Words   |  10 PagesNonetheless, Sara is also given a great imagination which is unlike other princesses, and allows her to escape the conflicts she comes across; in her portrayal of The Little Princess Burnett’s idea of a child being subjected to isolation and left to provide for herself is dealt with through the use of Sara’s imagination. The Hunger Games takes a distinct approach, rather than demonstrating an ideal princess that must survive by providing for herself by using her imagination, Collins displays a strong and

The Act 1958 ( Vic ) And The Sentencing Amendment

The recently passed ‘Sentencing Amendment (Coward’s Punch Manslaughter and Other Matters)’ arose within a highly politicized context and has led to controversy. The amendment was introduced in response to a perceived increase need to legislate on deaths caused by king hit punches or â€Å"coward’s punch†. It amends both the Crimes Act 1958 (Vic) and the Sentencing Act 1991 (Vic), by defining a punch to head or neck as dangerous act, introducing a mandatory minimum sentence of 10 years for manslaughter by one punch, and increases the mandatory minimum sentence for manslaughter by gross violence to 10 years . However, there is likely little need for this legislation, as pre-existing law was already capable of dealing with the offence, and the implementation of this legislation will likely fail to effectively achieve its purpose. Moreover, the introduction, or increase, of a mandatory sentence will be unlikely to effectively deter individuals, and will remove the courts discretion regarding sentencing. In this essay I will argue that the legislation is unneeded to prosecute those who king hit others, and that it will likely fail to have its intended effect. The Need for the Amendment Given the pre-existing law in Victoria which has dealt with manslaughter and its sentencing is capable of doing so without undue rigidness, there is arguably no need for the amendment. The major changes delivered by the amendment are the introduction of a new offence in S4A –that a single punch toShow MoreRelatedThe Charter Of Human Rights And Responsibilities Act 2006 ( Vic )2643 Words   |  11 PagesLEGAL ADVICE QUESTIONS PRESENTED: 1. Does the Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic) (â€Å"Charter†) protect the conduct of Josh, Dianne and Cary? 2. Is Section 6 of the Summary Offences Act 1966 (Vic) compatible with the Charter? 3. Is Victoria Police in breach of the Charter? 4. Is AX6 Pty Ltd in breach of the Charter? 5. Is the Adult Parole Board in breach of the Charter? Short Advice In relation to the Charter, my advice is that Josh’s conduct is not protected and the cancellation

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein as a Gothic Novel Fran Essay Example For Students

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein as a Gothic Novel Fran Essay kenstein essaysFrankenstein as a Gothic Novel One of the most important aspects of any gothic novel is setting. MaryShellys Frankenstein is an innovative and disturbing work that weaves a taleof passion, misery, dread, and remorse. Shelly reveals the story of a mansthirst for knowledge which leads to a monstrous creation that goes against thelaws of nature and natural order. The man, Victor Frankenstein, in utterdisgust, abandons his creation who is shunned by all of mankind yet still feelsand yearns for love. The monster then seeks revenge for his life of lonelinessand misery. The setting can bring about these feelings of short-lived happiness,loneliness, isolation, and despair. Shellys writing shows how the varied anddramatic settings of Frankenstein can create the atmosphere of the novel and canalso cause or hinder the actions of Frankenstein and his monster as they go ontheir seemingly endless chase where the pursuer becomes the pursued. Darkly dramatic moments and the ever-so-small flashes of happiness standout. The setting sets the atmosphere and creates the mood. The dreary nightof November (Shelly 42) where the monster is given life, remains in the memory. And that is what is felt throughout the novel-the dreariness of it all alongwith the desolate isolation. Yet there were still glimpses of happiness inShellys vivid pictures of the grand scenes among Frankenstein- thethunderstorm of the Alps, the valleys of Servox and Chamounix, the glacier andthe precipitous sides of Montanvert, and the smoke of rushing avalanches, thetremendous dome of Mont Blanc (Goldberg 277) and on that last journey withElizabeth which were his last moments of happiness. The rest goes along withthe melodrama of the story. Shelly can sustain the mood and create a distinctpicture and it is admirable the way she begins to foreshadow coming danger. Shelly does this by starting a terrible storm, adding dreary thunder andlightning and by enhancing the gloom and dread of her gothic scenes. Shellywrites so that the reader sees and feels these scenes taking permanent hold onthe memory. Furthermore, the setting can greatly impact the actions in a novel suchas this. Frankensteins abhorred creation proclaims that: the desert mountainsand dreary glaciers are my refuge. I have wandered here many days; the caves ofice which I only do not fear, are a dwelling to me, and the only one which mandoes not grudge (Shelly 84). The pitiful creature lives in places where mancannot go for reason that the temperatures and dangers of these settings are tooextreme. But near the end, Frankensteins rage takes him all over the world inan obsessed search for his doppelganger enduring terrible hardships, which themonster, too, has endured. Frankenstein pursues his creation to the Articwastes, revenge being the only thing keeping him alive. This serves only tothicken the strange darkness that surrounds and engulfs them (Nitchie 274). Here it seems as if Frankenstein may finally capture his adversary, but naturethinks otherwise. The monster tempts his enraged creator through a world of iceand the setting becomes a hindrance as the wind arose; the sea roared; and, aswith the mighty shock of an earthquake; it split and cracked with a tremendousand overwhelming sound. the work was soon finished; in a few minutes atumuluous sea rolled between me and my enemy (Shelly 191). Because of thisgothic setting amid the Artic ice floes, the despair hits both Frankenstein andthe reader. So Frankenstein, Mary Shellys strange and disturbing tale personifiesthe gothic novel. With her compelling writing, she creates the setting thatsets the gloomy mood and causes as well as hinders actions creating dramatictension. The entire story is mysteriously set in the cold Artic which adds tothe dark and foreboding atmosphere. Frankenstein pursues his monster there,fails to destroy him, and dies appropriately in the cold of the Artic thatmatches the cold of his heart. Likewise, Frankensteins monster dies on hisown terms, springing to his ice raft, borne away by the waves and lost indarkness and distance (Shelly 206). .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd , .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd .postImageUrl , .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd , .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd:hover , .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd:visited , .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd:active { border:0!important; } .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd:active , .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u970db1ddbda1ceb65ad68774a5fa6bdd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Idioms Denoting Parts of Body EssayWorks CitedShelly, Mary. Frankenstein. Bantam Books. New York, New York. 1991

Red Fort free essay sample

The fifth Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan shifted his Capital from Agra to Delhi and established ShahJahanabad. He built the Red Fort or the Lal Qila and it served as the capital of the Mughals till 1857 after which the last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was exiled. Originally known as Qila-i-Mubarak, the Red Fort was built using red sandstone and is surrounded by a moat on all sides. It has two main gateways The Lahori Gate and the Hathi Gate. The Chatta Chowk is located immediately after the Lahori Gate. It has arcaded apartments on either side that serve as shops. Back in Shah Jahans time, these shops provided the rich households with silk, brocades, velvets, gold, silver, gems and Jewelry. The Red Fort often imparts a sense of National pride. On the 15th of August, 1947, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, delivered his renowned speech Tryst With Destiny and hoisted the tricolour flag. We will write a custom essay sample on Red Fort or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Every Independence day, the incumbent Prime Minister delivers a speech from the Red Fort. Ever since, the Red Fort has come to symbolise Indias struggle for freedom. The Swatantra Sangram Museum located inside the Red Fort provides the visitors with a glimpse of our Independence struggle. Diwan-l-Aam literally translates into the Hall Of Public Audience. This was the place where emperor Shah Jahan recieved the general public and heard their grievances. It had a courtyard which was originally surrounded by arcaded apartments used by Umaras or chiefs on duty. In the centre of the eastern wall, stands a marble canopy under which was placed the emperors throne. Behind the canopy, the wall is decorated with beautiful panels nlaid with multicoloured stones said to have been executed by a Florentine Jeweller. The Hammam or the Royal Bath was the favourite resort of the Mughal Emperors. It consisted of three main apartments separated by corridors. The two rooms on either side are believed to have been used by the children. The apartment on the river side was a dressing room, containing two fountain basins with one for rose water spray. The western chamber was used for hot or steam bath. The baths consisted of a complex water system with miniature tanks sunk Into the wall with a series of pipes. Rang Mahal was the Palace Of Colours. It consisted of a large hall, originally painted on the Interior from which It derives Its name. Through the centre along Its length flowed the channel known as Nahr-l-Blhlsht. Nahr-l-Blhlsht or the Canal of Paradise was an Important feature of the fort In providing a continuous supply of water distributed throughout the gardens and Interiors and served Ilke alr conditioners. Mumtaz Mahal Is named after Shah Jahans beloved Queen Mumtaz. It Is situated at the southern end of the row of royal palaces along the eastern wall with the Nahar-l- Blhlsht flowing through It. It was used as a military prison by the British after the revolt of 1857 owing to which Its original appearance has been altered. The Red Fort Imbibes the splrlt of the Mughal Era and Is a llvlng legacy of Indias Golden Times and serves as an embodiment of our enchanting heritage. The colossal fort combined with Its exquisite architecture manage to recreate the feel of the Mughal period. Even more than 300 years after Its construction, It continues to symbolise the seat of power. By Raghavi96 and established Shah]ahanabad. He built the Red Fort or the Lal Qila and it served as complex water system with miniature tanks sunk into the wall with a series of pipes. on the interior from which it derives its name. Through the centre along its length flowed the channel known as Nahr-i-Bihisht. Nahr-i-Bihisht or the Canal of Paradise was an important feature of the fort in providing a continuous supply of water distributed throughout the gardens and interiors and served like air conditioners. Mumtaz Mahal is named after Shah Jahans beloved Queen Mumtaz. It is situated at the southern end of the row of royal palaces along the eastern wall with the Nahar-i- Bihisht flowing through it. It was used as a military prison by the British after the revolt of 1857 owing to which its original appearance has been altered. The Red Fort imbibes the spirit of the Mughal Era and is a living legacy of Indias Golden Times with its exquisite architecture manage to recreate the feel of the Mughal period.

The Role of Women in 3 Greek Myths essays

The Role of Women in 3 Greek Myths essays One day, Persephone was in the field gathering the crops and Hades, the god of the underworld, was admiring her. He decided that he had to have her as his wife. Hades then shook the ground and caused it to split open and Persephone fell into the realm of the underworld. Persephone was then offered a pomegranate from Hades and she accepted. Little did she know that once she ate the pomegranate she had to stay in the realm of Hades as the wife of Hades. Demeter, Persephones mother, pleaded with Zeus to get Persephone back. He explained to Demeter that once she ate the pomegranate she had to stay there. Demeter is the goddess of the weather and vegetation so her rage cause massive storms, frigid weather, and everything to stop growing, or die A few months later, Zeus made a bargain with Hades to let Persephone go for 9 months of the year and she would be back during the other 3 months. Hades agreed and Demeter was so happy, that the weather turned nice and everything grew back. This is how the seasons came to be. Persephone is thought to be a beautiful women with long brown hair and is nearly always found wandering the fields. She truly is an enchantress, but is also a very gullible women because she was tricked into eating the pomegranate seeds. Persephone is also helpless because she can not do anything to break free. The storyteller wants us to feel bad for both Persephone and Demeter because they are both at a loss. Demeter for losing her daughter and Persephone for being captured. The female characters are portrayed less powerful than the male characters in this myth. There once was a fair maiden who was the daughter of the king named Atalanta. She was desired by many suitors. Atalanta vowed to stay a virgin and would never get married. However, her father pressed her to get married. She came up with a plan, since Atalanta was very athletic, she would ha ...

Mary Lou Retton, Olympic Gymnastics Champion

Mary Lou Retton, Olympic Gymnastics Champion Mary Lou Retton (born January 24, 1968) won a gold medal for the United States in  womens Olympic gymnastics in 1984. She was the first American woman to win gold in the all-around event, and she won the most Olympic medals of any athlete at the 1984 Games. She also was known for her warm style, enthusiastic personality, iconic pixie haircut, and a more muscular build than many other female gymnasts. Fast Facts: Mary Lou Retton Known For: Gold-medal-winning U.S. Olympic GymnastBorn: January 24, 1968 in Fairmont, West VirginiaParents: Ronnie Retton and Lois RettonPublished Work: Mary Lou Rettons Gateways to Happiness: 7 Ways to a More Peaceful, More Prosperous, More Satisfying LifeAwards and Honors: Five Olympic gymnastics medals, including one goldSpouse: Shannon Kelley (divorced)Children: Shayla,  McKenna, Skyla, EmmaNotable Quote: You give up your childhood. You miss proms and games and high school events, and people say its awful...I say it was a good trade. You miss something but I think I gained more than I lost. Early Life Mary Lou Retton was born on Jan. 24, 1968, in Fairmont, West Virginia. She was the youngest of five children. Her father Ronnie Retton played basketball in college and was a minor league baseball player. Her mother Lois signed up Mary Lou for dance classes when she was 4, then enrolled her and her older sister in gymnastics classes at West Virginia University. She didnt have to be pushed into working out.  I would sleep in my leotard on Friday nights because I was so excited about gymnastics on Saturday mornings, Retton told Texas  Monthly magazine writer Skip Hollandsworth. She later remembered at age 4 watching Olga Korbut skate in the 1972 Olympics for the Soviet Union and identifying with her courage and vigor. Four years later, it was Romanian gymnast Nadia Comaneci who caught her eye, inspiring dreams of Olympic gold. Preparing to Compete By the age of 12, Retton had become dedicated to gymnastics and was competing in national and international competitions. Her parents allowed her to move to Houston, Texas when she was 14 to study and train with gymnastics coach Bela Karolyi, a Romanian defector who had previously coached Comaneci. She lived with the family of a fellow student and finished high school via correspondence courses while training 8-10 hours a day. She enjoyed the rigorous gymnastics schedule and flourished under Karolyis coaching. Retton stood out physically from many of the other female gymnasts. She was muscular, a change from the petite athletes that fans were accustomed to seeing in competition, even at the highest levels of the sport. One month after beginning her training with Karolyi, Rettons team went to Madison Square Garden in New York, New York, for the McDonalds American Cup Competition. She wasnt ranked high enough to be invited but she went as a substitute. One of her teammates got injured and Karolyi put in Retton. She won the competition and set a meet record, putting her in contention for the 1984 Olympics only two years away. Competition By 1984, Retton had won 14 all-around competitions in a row and was expected to compete in the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles. She was then 16 years old. The Soviet Union and most of its allies were boycotting the Games in response to the United States boycott of the 1980 Olympics. About six weeks before the games were to start, Retton suffered a major knee injury, which turned out to be torn cartilage. She and her parents opted for minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery, which enabled Retton to walk immediately and to begin training after just one week of physical therapy. In the weeks before the Games, Retton would lie in bed, her eyes closed, imagining each piece of equipment and each routine and performing perfectly. Then she imagined receiving the gold medal with The Star-Spangled Banner booming around her. Olympic Showdown Sometimes, creative visualization works. At the Olympics, she won the gold medal in womens gymnastics for the all-around competition. The win was dramatic. Coming into the last event, she was barely behind Ecaterina Szabo of Romania. Retton approached her event, the vault, needing a 9.95 out of 10 to tie Szabo for the gold medal, and a perfect score of 10 to win it outright. She scored a 10. Olympic rules required that she perform another vault, although her first score still would count. So she landed another perfect 10. In addition to the gold medal in the all-around event, Retton won an individual silver for the vault, a bronze for the uneven bars, another bronze for the floor exercise, and another silver as part of the team competition. The five medals were the most for any athlete at the 1984 Olympic Games. Legacy Following her retirement from gymnastics in 1985 after winning her third American Cup title, Retton briefly attended the University of Texas at Austin. She married Shannon Kelley, whom she had met in college, in 1990, and they had four daughters: Shayla,  McKenna, Skyla, and Emma. She made many commercials, appeared in several movies and television shows, and was a popular speaker. Among the other recognition, Mary Lou Retton was the first woman to be featured on the front of a Wheaties box and she became a spokeswoman for the cereal brand. Through the many accolades and honors, she retained her fresh and perky personality and continued to convey a sense of being the girl next door. She was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 1997. Sources Retton, Mary Lou. Mary Lou: Creating an Olympic Champion. Hardcover, First Edition edition, McGraw-Hill, September 1, 1985. Retton, Mary Lou. Mary Lou Rettons Gateways to Happiness: 7 Ways to a More Peaceful, More Prosperous, More Satisfying Life. Hardcover, Broadway, April 4, 2000. Retton, Mary Lou. The Olympic Dream and Spirit Volume 1: Stories of courage, perseverance and dedication. Mary Joe Fernandez, Bela Karolyi, et al., Paperback, Cross Training Pub, November 1, 1999. Retton, Mary Lou. Encyclopedia, The Gale Group, Inc., 2004.

Network Intrusion Detection and Forensics Dissertation

Network Intrusion Detection and Forensics - Dissertation Example The paper tells that computers have come to assume in all aspects of our lives, and the lack of reliable networks in modern computing environments in plainly inconceivable. The supremacy of information technology in running many modern systems hinges on the continued reliability of computer networks. Without stable computer network systems, many simple computing activities we have come to assume as part of our daily routines: sending emails, browsing the web, making business communications, and maintaining social contacts would be in severe jeopardy. Malicious use of computer networks would completely compromise our computing experience and the utilization of these indispensable network tools. Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are partly the reason behind the continued security in computer systems around the world. The NIDS systems detect illicit use of computer networks, alert network administrators, create reports in the system through their logging abilities, and try to p revent harm to the network by malevolent network users. However, many users of computer networks lack access to decent NIDS systems available commercially. Part of the reason why many computer users stave off the commercially available NIDS systems is the prohibitively costs. Another reason for the unattractiveness of several commercial network-based IDS is traceable to their complex deployment, configuration, and implementation procedures, which normally require technical assistance. Over the past decade, open source NIDS systems have come to define the NIDS landscape. Currently, the leading NIDS system in terms of user base been Snort, a lightweight open source NIDS. The purpose of this project is to make comprehensive comparison of two open source NIDS, Snort and Bro. Keywords: Snort, Bro, NIDS, Table of Contents Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 1.INTRODUCTION 4 2.BACKGROUND TO THE PROBLEM 5 3.OVERVIEW OF NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS 5 3.1 The Roles of NIDS 5 3.2 Difference of NIDS with Firewalls 7 3.3 Limitations of the Network Intrusion Detection Systems 7 3.4 Network Intrusion and Detection System Alert Terminologies 8 4.RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS 9 5.DIFFERENT METHODS OF INTRUSION DETECTION 10 5.1 Statistical Anomaly-Based Intrusion System 10 5.2 Signature-Based Intrusion Detection 10 6.NETWORK INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEMS 11 6.1 Snort 11 6.2 Bro 11 6.3 PHAD 11 6.4 NetSTAT 12 6.5 EMERALD 12 6.6 Suricata 13 7.TESTING AND EVALUATION METHODOLOGY 13 8.ANALYSIS OF SNORT AND BRO 14 8.3 Common Characteristics of Snort, Bro, Suricata, and NetSTAT 16 8.4 Differences between Snort, Bro, Suricata, and NetSTAT 17 8.5 Major Strengths of Snort 19 8.6 Major strengths of Bro 21 8.7 Major strengths of Suricata 21 8.8 Major strengths of NetSTAT 22 8.9 Major Weaknesses of Snort 22 8.10 Major Weaknesses of Bro 22 8.11 Major weaknesses of Suricata 23 8.12 Major weaknesses of NetSTAT 23 9. RESULTS FOR SNORT AND BRO 23 9.1 Capabilities of Snort and Bro to Identify Security Threats and Network Violations 23 9.1.1 Bro Architecture 23 9.1.2 Bro Network Intrusion Detection Mechanism 25 9.1.3 Snort Architecture 26 9.1.4 Snort Network Intrusion Detection Mechanism 26 9.1.5 Suricata’s Network Intrusion Mechanism 27 9.1.6 NetSTAT Capabilities to detect security threats and network violations 28 9.2 Comparison of Snort’s, Bro’s, Suricata’s and NetSTAT’s Performance 28 10. RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 29 10.1 Recommendations 29 10.2 Conclusions 30 References 33 1. INTRODUCTION The essentiality of network protection is unquestionable, especially with the ever-growing relevance of computer networks in many facets of our society. Many things, ranging from trade, governance, education, communication, and research rely heavily on computer networks. The vulnerability of networks to breakdowns after attack can be expensive and disastrous.

Old Testament and New Testament Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Old Testament and New Testament - Essay Example This essay analyzes and then compares the passages from the Old and the New Testament. The fact of similarities between them is well established, if one considers the fact that the prophecies of the Old Testament were fulfilled in the New Testament. The several ways that the passages of the New Testament and the Old Testament bear similarities shall be elaborated in this paper. Events like the Passover and the Last Supper justify the similarities between the New Testament and the Old Testament. The lives of great people in the Bible like Moses, David, Elijah, John and Jesus can also be used as a basis for comparison between the Old and the New Testament. The Last Supper was also a feast of unleavened bread just like the Passover in the book of Exodus. This is a clear sign that the Last Supper of Jesus with his twelve disciples evolved from the Passover in the book of Exodus. Another way that the New Testament fulfilled the prophecy or interpreted the message of the Old Testament was in the life of Moses. From the events that took place in the Bible and the characters of notable people in the Bible, it has been clearly shown that the New Testament is an interpreter of the Old Testament. The Old Testament and the New Testament were written by different authors that lived through different timelines, but the fact that the Bible as a whole was inspired by God shows that there must be a link between the Old Testament and the New Testament and it is this link that has been proven and established in this paper.

A Passage to India Essay Example for Free

A Passage to India Essay Books are truly among the best things ever invented. With thousands of books out there, there are plenty of connections to be made. Here is an example of a connection made when reading this two novels. A Passage to India is a story that takes place in India during the reign of the British Empire. It is truly wonderful when you read a book and manage to make a connection between two different novels. While reading A Passage to India, a connection was made between this book and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In A Passage to India ,There are constant clashes between cultures, races, religion, and even politics. This story depicts India as a world of only two types of people; the British, and everyone else that isn’t British. The British are shown as Superior authority to the Indians. They are very rude and disrespectful. They are very racist towards the Indians. In A Passage to India, the British don’t usually mix and mingle with the Indians because they are both very different groups of people, and the British are seen as racist in this novel. Their cultures are really different, and there religions are by far different. Basically, the Indians and British are segregated. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, whites and blacks are segregated in the southern states due to the era in which the story takes place. Most, if not all, of the blacks are slaves. The whites don’t like the blacks because they are considered lower standard people, slaves. There are only two types of people in this story; whites, and non-whites. Racism is a very common obstacle in our world and is used in many stories to depict and portray certain hardships and time periods of our world. Both of these stories use racism to help portray these two very different settings. In A Passage to India, the British are very harsh and cruel towards the Indians, just like how the whites treat the blacks in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.â€Å"You’re superior to them, anyway. Don’t forget that. You’re superior to everyone in India except one or two of the Ranis, and they’re on equality.†(Forester 42). Mrs. Turton’s statement gives us an example of the racism of a typical Englishwomen. Here she tells Adela that they are superior to Indians in any way possible, even the higher politicians. The authors use statements like these to help the reader be able to imagine how things must be in the particular setting. Here, is a passage from The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn which shows us how racism is used to help build up the setting by Mark Twain. â€Å" It was lection day, and I was just  about to go and vote myself if I warnt too drunk to get there; but when they told me there was a State in this country where theyd let that nigger vote, I drawed out. I says Ill never vote agin.†(Sawyer 28). Just because a black man was free to vote in the election, Pap would never vote again because he didn’t believe blacks were good enough to be able to vote in the Election of the President of the USA. He didn’t want to be held to the same standards as blacks, he wanted to be able to be distinguished from blacks and have superiority. In his eyes, blacks were just property. They weren’t meant to be anything other than slaves. This passage helps the reader understand and imagine the harsh setting of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. These novels have very different settings but still have one thing in common. These two authors take a risky and sensitive subject like racism to help portray their stories and how they impact the reader. This connection also shows us that there is racism all around the world, even if these are fictional stories. A Passage to India and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn both are stating messages that show how harsh and cruel racism can be, and how it affects people. Racism a very common theme in many stories and there are many connections to be made amongst them. Forster, E. M. A Passage to India, New York: Harcourt, Brace and, 1924. Print. Twain, Mark. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. New York: Random House, 1996. Print.

The Use of Heritage in Everyday Use and A Pair of Tickets :: Alice Walker Amy Tan Papers

The Use of Heritage in Everyday Use and A Pair of Tickets A key factor in Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use,† and Amy Tan’s â€Å"A Pair of Tickets,† is heritage. Throughout both stories the use of heritage can be seen easily. Walker’s avoidance of heritage in her writings and Tan’s understanding of heritage in her writing. Through this readers can see the true meaning of heritage. Understanding both sides of these two stories gives readers a chance to explore their own heritage and reflect on how they accept their past. By contrasting the family characters in â€Å"Everyday Use,† Walker illustrates lost heritage by placing the significance of heritage solely on material objects. Walker presents Mama and Maggie, the younger daughter, as an example that heritage in both knowledge and form passing from one generation to another through a learning experience connection. However, by a broken connection, Dee the older daughter, represents a misconception of heritage as material. Dee, the â€Å"heritage queen† portrays a rags to riches daughter who does not understand what heritage is all about. Her definition of heritage hangs on a wall to show off, not to be used. Dee’s avoidance of heritage becomes clear when she is talking to Mama about changing her name, she says, â€Å"I couldn’t bear it any longer being named after the people who oppress me† (Walker 75). Thus resembling that Dee just takes another name without even understanding what her original name means. She tr ies to explain to Mama that her name now has meaning, quality, and heritage; never realizing that the new name means nothing. Changing her name bothers Mama and Maggie because Dee’s name is a fourth generation name, truly giving it heritage. Dee likes to gloat to her friends about how she was raised, so she tries to show off by decorating her house with useful items from her past. Her argument with Mama about taking quilts that were hand stitched as opposed to sewn by machine gives readers a chance to see Dee’s outlook of heritage is short lived. Dee says to Mama, â€Å"But they’re priceless. . . Maggie would put them on the bed and in five years they’d be in rags. Less than that!† (Walker 77). Mama will not allow her daughter to take the quilts because she has been saving them for Dee’s sister, Maggie, and she wants the quilts to be put into everyday use. By helping

Research Topic & Research Proposal Essay

1. What do you think of a good research topic? What are the key elements of a good research topic? A good research topic should be of a clear objectives and purpose. It should generate question to discover and find out the underlying problem or understanding a current situation. Therefore the elements of a good research topic is feasibility, are the resources available? How long the research could take and can that be done with a timeline or it needs to be extended. What are the factors that affect the accuracy of the research and what are the variables that need to be considered In order to assure the up to date presentation of results. Is it worthwhile? Is it relevant to what is used for and search about can what values the research will add into the current practices of the organization? 1. Assume that you interested in doing some research on the impact of quality management practices on organizational performance. Write four research questions that may be appropriate. What are the current quality management practices?  What is the link between the quality practices and organization performance   To how extend the quality practices effect the overall organization? Are the employees aware of the importance of quality management concept? What is the impact of quality management on employees behavior?   What are the areas of development addressed by the quality management practices? And how it does tactfully eliminate or change the defined shortfalls. How do the overall objectives of the company align with quality management practices? What are the quality management practices standards used in the organization? And does it match ISO 9001:2008 quality standards? 3. What is a research proposal? What are the purposes and key elements of a proposal? Definition: â€Å"It is a document that is typically written by a scientist or academic which describes the ideas for an investigation on a certain topic. The research proposal outlines the process from beginning to end and may be used to request financing for the project, certification for performing certain parts of research of the experiment, or as a required task before beginning a college dissertation†. Purpose: There are lots of purposes of research proposal and that could be to investigate an enquiry, finding out about something worthwhile in a particular context. Could be of business ground where is used to finalize a deal or evaluate several supplier for a business proposal. Other purposes is to convince the concerned parties about i.g. a product by showing the results of the research.

“Art for Heart’s Sake” by Reuben Lucius Essay

â€Å"Art for Heart’s Sake† is a short story written by Reuben Lucius â€Å"Rube† Goldberg, an American cartoonist, sculptor, author, engineer, and inventor, who lived between 1883 and 1970. He is best known as a cartoonist and a founding member of America’s National Cartoonists Society. Collins P. Ellsworth is a wealthy 76-year-old businessman who is being treated for a form of compulsive buying disorder, otherwise known as oniomania: His uncontrollable buying habits—he can hardly suppress the urge to purchase businesses and property such as grocery stores and railroads—have precipitated a host of mental and physical problems. Dr. Caswell, his doctor, convinces him to try art therapy sessions with Frank Swain, a young art student. As the treatment progresses, Ellsworth turns his interest to painting and to the operations of art galleries. He then paints an amateurish picture, which he exhibits at the Lathrop Gallery. A letter soon arrives, revealing that the First Prize of the Lathrop Show has been awarded to none other than Ellsworth; it turns out that the old businessman has recently purchased the Lathrop Gallery. Written in a combination of third-person narrative and direct speech, the story brings Ellsworth and his experiment with art therapy into focus, reaching its climax when the old man, almost improbably, decides to exhibit his third-rate painting at the Lathrop Gallery (â€Å"He was going to exhibit it . . . !†). The story may be divided into five sections, each of which recounts a different stage of Ellsworth’s progress: from his background as a compulsive property buyer, to Dr. Caswell’s treatment suggestion, to the art therapy sessions with Frank Swain, to the Lathrop exhibition, and finally, to the startling revelation of Ellsworth’s purchase of the gallery. [Possible section titles: Enter a Cranky Property Addict, Cajoled into Rehab, Art is Medicine, Practice Doesn’t Always Make Perfect, A Relapse.] The story is told in a humorous and, to an extent, ironic tone. We would be hard-pressed to deny the situational humor of a snappy and petulant, albeit very wealthy, 76-year-old in a hospital-like establishment. The epithets â€Å"a loud, raucous splash on the wall† and â€Å"a god-awful smudge,† along with the metaphor â€Å"gob of salad dressing,† are teasingly said in reference to Ellsworth’s weak painting skills. His personified dislike of the pineapple juice prescribed by Dr. Caswell (â€Å". . . old pineapple juice comes back.†) is likewise worth a smile. By using zeugma (â€Å"All his purchases of recent years had to be liquidated at a great sacrifice both to his health and his pocketbook.†), Goldberg forges a link of irony between Ellsworth’s health and his money: the more money the old man spends on compulsive property purchases, the more his condition deteriorates. The ultimate irony, however, is that a treatment designed to alleviate Ellsworth’s oniomania serves only to aggravate it. The character of Collins P. Ellsworth is portrayed, mostly indirectly, as crabby, materialistic, and petulant. From the very first lines, we can hear him retorting with the informal nope and brandishing dated colloquial pejoratives (e.g., bosh, rot, poppycock). The simile â€Å"like a child playing with his picture book† brings out Ellsworth’s childishness, while his impatience is highlighted by his frequent use of the interjection umph. Vain and impatient, he â€Å"snaps† and â€Å"grunts with satisfaction† at his feeble attempts at painting. His belief that money—as opposed to talent—can buy one anything may not be the best philosophy to live by, for it is money and his uncontrollable urges to spend it that have undermined Ellsworth’s health. Dr. Caswell is driven by professionalism (â€Å". . . with his usual professional calm . . .†), logic (â€Å"He had done some constructive thinking . . . .†), and compassion, alway s acting with Ellsworth’s best interests at heart. The fact that he recommends Frank Swain as tutor to the often intolerable Ellsworth, thereby helping Swain pay his tuition, also speaks positively of Dr. Caswell. Frank Swain is similarly patient and attentive, which is evident, for example, when he brings the grumpy old man watercolors and oils, or when he politely (â€Å"Not bad, sir.†) comments on Ellsworth’s risible picture, although there is no certain way of establishing whether the remark was or was not used somewhat sarcastically. The character of Koppel, the male nurse, does nothing but fetch pineapple juice and therefore plays only a subsidiary role in the story—perhaps that of helping fuel Ellsworth’s grumpiness and of functioning as a sort of human prop in the final â€Å"surprise† scene of the story. As noted above, apart from largely neural vocabulary, the story features a number of dated informal words (as above, e.g., bosh, rot, poppycock), phrases (by gum), and colloquialisms (kinda), which all serve the purpose of portraying Ellsworth as an old, grumpy, and childish man. Vocabulary pertaining to painting—such as water-colors, oils, picture book, gallery, exhibit, and numerous others—helps establish the setting and reinforces the image of Ellsworth as a grown-up baby â€Å"[fooling] around with chalk and crayons.† At the syntactic level, brisk, simple sentences account for the majority of the sentences found in the story. If not too simple, the syntax, on the whole, is rather uncomplicated, with a significant number of elliptical (â€Å"Not bad.† â€Å"Fine.†) and exclamatory (â€Å"Nope!† â€Å"Bosh!† â€Å"Umph!†) sentences. Such sentences, in conjunction with the straightforward syntax, strengthen the impression of Ellsworth’s awkwardness. Through repetition (â€Å"See, see . . .†) and aposiopesis (â€Å"But, but—well, now . . . .†), Goldberg imitates the way many people would react in moments of overwhelming surprise. This story is interesting in that it portrays a complex man—old, rich, petulant like a child, and in a precarious state of mental and physical health. As we watch his ostensible passion for art develop, we may find ourselves inspired by his progress and, not infrequently, even amused by his caustic remarks. But when we learn about his regression at the end of the story, we are bound for disappointment—we begin to view Ellsworth as a childish and materialistic person not worthy of our sympathy. Is he such a man? That is precisely why this story is so interesting: While humorous and ironic on the surface, it poses the deep question of whether Ellsworth is really in control of himself when he decides to purchase the Lathrop Gallery, or whether he is a victim of a mentall illness none of us would ever wish on our worst enemies. Should we be amused at his regression, or should we pity him?

ACT Registration Dates and Deadlines (2019, 2020)

ACT Registration Dates and Deadlines (2019, 2020) SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips To ensure you have asolid ACT study plan, you must firstfamiliarizeyourself with ACT registration dates.What and when are the most important ACT deadlines?How can knowing these deadlines benefit you as a test taker? In this article, we go over upcoming ACT registration dates and examine the general patterns of ACT registration deadlines. We also discuss the differences in deadlines for late registration, standby registration, and changes to your test reservation before wrapping up with a look athow you can use ACT deadlines to your advantage. When Are ACT Registration Dates for 2019 and 2020? ACT registration dates are typicallyfive weeks and one day before each test. For the February and July test dates (the July date is a new addition to the ACT testing schedule as of 2018), ACT registration dates are usually four weeks and one dayprior to their respective test dates. In other words, eachACT registration deadline falls on a Friday around amonth before eachtest. The table below presents upcoming ACT registration deadlines and test dates for 2019 and 2020. All of these dates have been officially confirmed by ACT, Inc.Note that the late registration deadlines apply to testing sessions in the U.S. and Canadaonly. ACT Test Date Normal ACT Registration Deadline Late ACT Registration Deadline Standby Request Deadline September 14, 2019 August 16, 2019 August 30, 2019 September 6, 2019 October 26, 2019 September 20, 2019 October 4, 2019 October 18, 2019 December 14, 2019 November 8, 2019 November 22, 2019 December 6, 2019 February 8, 2020 January 10, 2020 January 17, 2020 January 31, 2020 April 4, 2020 February 28, 2020 March 13, 2020 March 27, 2020 June 13, 2020 May 8, 2020 May 22, 2020 June 5, 2020 July 18, 2020* June 19, 2020 June 26, 2020 July 10, 2020 **Not scheduled internationally or in New York or California. The normal ACT registration dates are the latest dates on which you can register for the ACT without having topay a latefee.Once a normal registration deadline has passed, you can still register for that test during itslate registration period; however, you'll have to pay a late fee of $30. If you miss the late registration deadline, you can sign up for standby testing by paying a standby fee of $53. The standby period begins immediately after the late registration deadline and continues until exactly eight days before the test date. Standby requests are not guaranteed and are only available on a first-come, first-served basis. But what abouthow early you can register for the ACT? ACT testing years follow school years from fall to summer; thus,registration opens for all ACT test dates in a testing year every July. This means that starting this July, you’ll be able to register for any 2019-2020 ACT test date, from as early as the September 2019 test date to as late as the July 2020 test date. Now that we’ve covered the basics of ACT registration dates, let’s take a look at some of thekey ACT deadlines and fees you'll need to know before signing up for a test session. There goes that two-dollar bill you've been saving since you were 5. Important ACT Deadlines Fees In addition to normal ACT registration deadlines, there are also deadlines for phone registration, late registration, standby testing, and changes to test reservations. The following table presents an overview of these major ACT deadlines and the fees associated with them. Please note that no matter when or how you register for the ACT, you must alwayspay a test registration fee, whichwill be either $50.50 for the ACT without Writing or $67 for the ACT with Writing. (If you qualify for an ACT fee waiver, however, you won't have to pay this fee.) Deadline Fee Normal Registration Typically 5 weeks and 1 day before test date;4 weeks and 1 day before February and July test dates $0 Phone Registration* Same as normal registration deadlines $15 Late Registration (U.S. Canada only) Typically 2 weeks after normal registration deadline;1 week after normal registration deadlines for February and July test dates $30 Standby Request Typically 8 days before test date $53** Test Date Changes No later than thelate registration deadline for your preferred test date $30*** Test Center Changes No later than thelate registration deadline for your test date $30*** *To register by phone, you need tohave previously registered for the ACT. **This fee, along with the registration fee, will be refunded to you if you are not given a seat on test day. ***Late fees still apply if you are submitting your request after the normal registration period has already passed. Next, we'll look at the benefits of knowing ACT registration dates. What Do ACT Registration Deadlines Mean for YOU? So farwe’ve given youa list of upcoming ACT registration datesalong with a detailed overview of ACT deadlines and fees. But what can you actually do with all of this information? For one, knowing ACT registration dates allows you to choose a test date ahead of time and avoid paying any late fees. Whileyou certainly don't need tomemorize all of the ACT deadlines above, knowthis:normal registration deadlines are usually about a month before their respective test dates. As long as you can remember this fact,you’ll always be able toplan out your ACT schedule accordingly and avoid spending more money than you need to on the test. On a related note, if you'relooking to save as much money as possible, try to regard each normal registration deadline as the latest possible deadline. This way you’ll never be tempted to fork out extra money for late registration or standby testing. ACT registration deadlines also give youa rough idea as tohow much study time you’ll have beforeyour test. For example, if you were to register for an ACT test date right before its normal registration deadline, you'd only have amonth or so to study for the test. Even more challenging, let's sayyou were to register for an ACT test date at the end of the late registration period. In this case, you'donly have aboutthree weeks to prepare for the test - and you'd have to pay a $30 late fee on top of that! Although both of these ACT prep plans are technically feasible, three or four weeks isn’t a whole lot of study time. Instead, werecommend spending anywhere fromtwo to six monthsstudying for the ACT. Therefore,it's best to registerat least a month before your desired test date’s normal registration deadline. Doing this guarantees you a minimum of eight to nine weeks for dedicated ACT prep. Ultimately, unless a certain ACT testdate is your last opportunity to take the test before your college applications are due, it'll be best for you to avoid registeringlate! What’s Next? Need help choosing an ACT test date? No matter your grade level or college plans,our full guide toACT test datesoffers premier adviceon how to pinpointthe ACT test date (or dates!) that'll work perfectly for you. Ready to get started?Register for the ACT usingour step-by-step guide! Andif you're home-schooled, we've got you covered, too! Want to learn more about upcoming ACT test dates? Our article on future ACT test dates tells you everything you need to know about taking the ACT in 2019, 2020, and 2021. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

8 Principles of Stoicism

8 Principles of Stoicism The Stoics were people who followed a realistic but morally idealistic way of living, a philosophy of life developed by Hellenistic Greeks and eagerly embraced by the Romans. The Stoic philosophy had a strong appeal to Christian theologians of the early 20th century, which echoes in our own modern culture. I believe that [Stoicism] represents a way of looking at the world and the practical problems of life which possesses still a permanent interest for the human race, and a permanent power of inspiration. I shall approach it, therefore, rather as a psychologist than as a philosopher or historian.... I shall merely try as best I can to make intelligible its great central principles and the almost irresistible appeal which they made to so many of the best minds of antiquity. Knapp 1926 Stoics: From Greek to Roman Philosophy The philosophers who followed Aristotle (384-322 BC) were known as the Peripatetics, named for their walking around the colonnades of the Athenian Lyceum. The Stoics, on the other hand, were named for the Athenian Stoa Poikile or painted porch, where one of the founders of the Stoic philosophy, Zeno of Citium (on Cyprus) (344-262 BC), taught. While the Greeks may have developed the philosophy of Stoicism from the earlier philosophies, we only have fragments of their teachings. Their philosophy is often divided into three parts, logic, physics, and ethics. Many Romans adopted the philosophy as a way of life or art of living (tà ©chnà ª peri tà ³n bion in the ancient Greek)as it was intended by the Greeksand it is from the complete documents of imperial period Romans, especially the writings of Seneca (4 BC-65 AD), Epictetus (c. 55-135) and Marcus Aurelius (121-180) that we gain most of our information about the ethical system of the original Stoics. Stoic Principles Today, Stoic principles have found their way into accepted popular wisdom, as goals to which we should aspireas in the Serenity Prayer of Twelve Step programs. Below are eight of the main ideas in the area of ethics that were held by the Stoic philosophers. Nature - Nature is rational. Law of Reason - The universe is governed by the law of reason. Man cant actually escape its inexorable force, but he can, uniquely, follow the law deliberately. Virtue - A life led according to rational nature is virtuous. Wisdom - Wisdom is the the root virtue. From it spring the cardinal virtues: insight, bravery, self-control, and justice. Apathea - Since passion is irrational, life should be waged as a battle against it. Intense feeling should be avoided. Pleasure - Pleasure is not good. (Nor is it bad. It is only acceptable if it doesnt interfere with our quest for virtue.) Evil - Poverty, illness, and death are not evil. Duty - Virtue should be sought, not for the sake of pleasure, but for duty. Briefly, their notion of morality is stern, involving a life in accordance with nature and controlled by virtue. It is an ascetic system, teaching perfect indifference (APATHEA) to everything external, for nothing external could be either good or evil. Hence to the Stoics both pain and pleasure, poverty and riches, sickness and health, were supposed to be equally unimportant. Source: Internet Encylcopedia of Stoicism Serenity Prayer and Stoic Philosophy The Serenity Prayer, attributed to the Christian theologist Reinhold Niebuhr [1892-1971], and published by Alcoholics Anonymous in several similar forms, could have come straight from the principles of Stoicism as this side-by-side comparison of the Serenity Prayer and the Stoic Agenda shows: Serenity Prayer Stoic Agenda God grant me the serenity To accept the things I cannot change, courage to change the things I can, and wisdom to know the difference. (Alcoholics Anonymous)God, give us grace to accept with serenity the things that cannot be changed, courage to change the things that should be changed, and the wisdom to distinguish the one from the other. (Reinhold Niebuhr) To avoid unhappiness, frustration, and disappointment, we, therefore, need to do two things: control those things that are within our power (namely our beliefs, judgments, desires, and attitudes) and be indifferent or apathetic to those things which are not in our power (namely, things external to us). (William R. Connolly) It has been suggested that the main difference between the two passages is that the Niebuhrs version includes a bit about knowing the difference between the two. While that may be, the Stoic version states those which are within our powerthe personal things like our own beliefs, our judgments, and our desires. Those are the things we should have the power to change. Read more about The Stoic Philosophers Sources Updated by K. Kris Hirst Annas, J. 2007. Ethics in Stoic Philosophy. Phronesis 52(1):58-87.Ierodiakonou, K. 1993. The Stoic Division of Philosophy. Phronesis 38(1):57-74.Internet Encyclopedia of StoicismKnapp, C. 1926. Professor Gilbert Murray on the Stoic Philosophy (Religion). The Classical Weekly 19(13): 99-100.McAfee Brown, R. (ed) 1986. The Essential Reinhold Niebuhr: Selected Essays and Addresses. New Haven: Yale University Press.Sellars, J. 2007. Stoic Practical Philosophy in the Imperial Period. Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies: Supplement 94: 115-140.Remple M. 2014. Stoic Philosophy and AA: The Enduring Wisdom of the Serenity Prayer. In: Miller JA, and Plants N, editors. Sobering Wisdom: Philosophical Explorations of Twelve Step Spirituality: University of Virginia Press. p 205-217.

Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Question - Essay Example Yes water affects mass wasting processes. Water reduces adhesive forces been the soil among other debris materials thereby facilitating mass wasting. Additionally, water often has force large enough to move material including large debris down the stream. The downward movement of loose and unconsolidated materials including soil and sediment is often due to force of gravity. At the point where the soil among other consolidated materials is not moving down the hill, such material are held in place with frictional force. The point at which the gravitational and frictional force balances is referred to angle of repose. This is the maximum angle that a friction force can hold loose material on the surface of the earth not to move downhill. Therefore, angles greater than angle of repose usually lead to mass wasting and at this point the force of gravity is slightly greater than frictional force holding the same materials. Soil creeping is a long term mass wasting process and it combine the movement of small and rocky materials in undirected direction. The movement of such materials are often facilitated by force of gravity. The creep usually do much damage since it leads to collection of materials over time especially behind trees; thus, it may lead to landslides triggered mainly by these tree particularly in cases that they lose root

A letter to local representative Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A letter to local representative - Assignment Example Many residents are opting to go and work in other neighboring towns instead. This therefore means that there is a growing concern that the town needs to regain its lost glory and that is why I am in support for the creation of a National Park in the area. Establishing a national park in the area comes with its benefits especially that the town is on a mission to re-establish itself. Conservation of biodiversity remains the central or rather the starting point of the entire building process in the town. Generally, high biodiversity levels will ensure that the ecosystems in the town remain resilient and healthy. This therefore means that with the conservation in the area, the ecosystems in the area will continue to generate nutrient cycling, water and air in the town and climate regulation within Millinocket town. With this in place, the town officials will be giving the town an effective platform for establishing a national park in the area. Establishing a national park in the town will be vital in safeguarding the town’s economy, spiritual, cultural and aesthetic values. Alternatively, it will provide intrinsic value of ecosystems and species in the area. The creation of a national park in the area will help in protecting a wide range of art facts and Aboriginal heritage places. Alternatively, it will provide both cultural and spiritual places especially for the residents in the town. In doing this, the national park in the area will give the public an opportunity to access and even enjoy the spectacular and diverse natural areas while at the same time protect some of the future generations to enjoy. Currently, the town is facing various challenges in terms of its economic and social values. The only option that remains in saving Millinocket town from further downfall is by establishing a national park in the area. Intact natural areas

Accelerated Learning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accelerated Learning - Research Paper Example It can also be considered an offshoot of the numerous commitments of adult learners who are on traditional learning programs. These adults usually have limited time to spend on education; thus, a need for a program which offers creative learning formats which will speed up the process of acquiring quality education (Lewis, 2010). Accelerated learning is â€Å"an approach to learning that uses learner-centered teaching principles and practices to creatively engage students' multiple learning systems, resulting in faster, deeper, and more proficient learning (Basic Education and Policy Support (BEPS) Activity, 2005). Accelerated learning has been proven to have several benefits. Foremost among these is that with accelerated learning a shorter time is required to learn something new and then apply it successfully. â€Å"The emphasis is on accelerating and deepening the learning, not speeding up the amount of â€Å"teaching† or material â€Å"covered†Ã¢â‚¬  (Acceleratedlearning.info, 2009, p. 1). Second, with accelerated learning the students become critical thinkers making them innovative and flexible because it is learner-centered and not teacher-centered (Acceleratedlearning.info, 2009).... Another advantage of the accelerated learning model is that it supports not only knowledge but emotions as well, which consequently increases the learning rates and reduces the rate of failures (Boyd, 2004). Accelerated learning is not without its limitations. One limitation of accelerated learning is that not all individuals can adapt to the pace or approach of the program. Based on the theory of multiple intelligences and learning styles, it is impossible to develop a generic way of teaching individuals. It is therefore necessary that educators should first familiarize themselves with the preferred learning modes of the students and the levels of their multiple intelligences in order to maximize learner strength (Boyd, 2004). Another limitation posed by accelerated learning is that it is essential that the classroom environment supports the adult learners’ actual world. This means that the method of instruction should consider the personal, social and cultural facets of the adult learner (Boyd, 2004). What the students learn should be relevant to their daily lives. This finding is validated by the cognitive theory which states that â€Å"one cannot separate the learning process from the situation in which the learning is presented† (Boyd, 2004, p. 41) In the pursuit of a nursing education, one believes that accelerated learning is appropriate and beneficial to a nursing student. Through the formative skills that are taught through actual patient care, nursing students become properly oriented of the situations that they may face. Accelerated learning offers more than theories of how to care for a patient, but rather, it teaches how to use the formative skills learned through concrete experiences (McNiesh, Benner, &

Case Studies of GSK

Case Studies of GSK Chapter 10 CASE STUDY 1 (GSK) Observations GSK has pursued a greenfield venture as its entry strategy in Singapore. The firm has decided to spend 190 million to build a new plant. The reasons stated for its choice of Singapore are availability of highly educated employees, sound economy and provision of government incentives. GSK plans to expand the firms operations further. There are intentions to construct a 1st of its kind RD plant at its Global Manufacturing Supply location in Jurong. Discussions Analysis The Singapore government intends to make the republic a biomedical hub. It is known that many people from Asia come into Singapore to seek medical help from our doctors. Gsk see an opportunity for profits by complementing the various medical facilities in Singapore. Asia is rising to become a global powerhouse in the biotechnology industry, with its rapidly-expanding market and enormous talent base. As a leading biomedical hub in Asia, Singapore administers entry to world-class scientific and clinical excellence, superior networks to key regional markets as well as strategic alliance connections with research institutes, corporate labs and public hospitals. In addition, as part of an ongoing effort to develop talent and leadership in Singapore, GSK is creating a $30 million endowment fund to nurture talents in the fields of green manufacturing and public health policy. The Singapore Economic Development Board (EBD) will add to the fund by a further $20 million. Singapore with its extensive infrastructure and skilled human resource is viewed by GSK as an export centre to world markets. By concentrating production of vaccines and medical supplies in one location, GSK can achieve location economies thus minimising costs. Singapore as a member of ASEAN could prove to be very useful to the firm as it set up its distribution networks across other ASEAN countries. With governments of ASEAN advocating economic integration, tariffs reductions as well as more flexible foreign direct investment policies, GSK can reduce time and money associated with burecracy and distribute its products more conveniently to neighbouring countries. Singapore possess a excellent port, coupled with extensive air freight services, products of GSK can be delivered.

grendelbeo Epic of Beowulf Essay - The Evil of Grendel -- Epic Beowul

The Evil of Grendel in Beowulf The story of Beowulf, written during Anglo-Saxon times, is a classic epic tale between good versus evil.   It is a story that gives us insight into the values of the Anglo-Saxon people.   The Anglo-Saxons glorified heroism and the conquering of evil.   In the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf, the character of Grendel symbolically represents evil through his setting and heritage, his hateful attitude toward men, and his vicious acts of murder. Grendel's heritage and setting are two things that attribute to Grendel's evilness.   In the story the author tells us that Grendel was a descendant of Cain(the son of Adam and Eve, who was cursed by God for killing his brother Abel).   The poet writes, "Conceived by a pair of those monsters born of Cain"(line 42-43).   The author makes the connection between the murderous Cain and the evil Grendel.   Even Grendel's lair is a pit of slime and filth.   "Grendel, who haunted the moors, the wild marshes, and made his home in a hell not hell but Earth.   He was spawned in that slime"(lines 39-41).   When the author uses lines like, "in a hell not hell but Earth"(line 40), it really helps to create this vivid image in your mind of this terrible lair that Grendel lives in.   He not only lives in the swamp, but also thrives in the darkness of the night.   "Out from the marsh, from the foot of misty hills and bogs, bearing God's hatred, Grendel came, ...He moved quickly through the cloudy night, ...his eyes gleamed in the darkness, burned with a gruesome light"(lines 363-367;378-380).   The poet shows how Grendel travels in the darkness of the night.   The night is used to symbolically represent evil.   The poet's descriptions of Grendel's evil and dark enviro... ...out legends, and that is why the story has survived through the ages.   It tells us of a powerful, terribly evil monster.   The descriptions of Grendel are so scary and evil that we can all draw our own vivid picture of him in our mind.   This monster represents all of the evil in the world, and the hero of the story represents everything good in the world. The story has survived because it is a story about good versus evil.   It is a story that we can relate to even now in modern times. Sources Clark, George. Beowulf. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1990. Fry, Donald K. "Introduction: The Artistry of Beowulf." In TheBeowulf Poet, edited by Donald K. fry. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1968. Robinson, Fred C. "Grendel's Evil." In Beowulf - Modern Critical Interpretations, edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987.

Brazil socio economy Essay

Brazil is one of the South American countries and the fifth largest country in terms of geographical area. It has population of over one hundred and eight three million people. The Brazil’s natural resources largely includes gold, iron ore, manganese ,bauxite platinum, tin ,uranium, timber and petroleum among others. In most part of Brazil’s history, it has experienced very slow economic growth. For instance, during the colonial period sugar, gold and slavery did not boost the economy of the country. In fact, in mid-eighteenth century, Brazil’s economy retardation did worry Portuguese rulers. During the time of independence, Brazil had one of the least productive economies in the western hemisphere than any other New World colony. After the independence it did not show much progress. When the industrial revolution seemed to gather momentum, imperial Brazil economy was stagnating. As slavery ended marking the fall of the empire, its per capita Gross Domestic Production (GDP) was less than a half that of Mexico and making one sixth of the United State. This show some improvement from 1913 to 1980 where it sustained significant economic growth though interrupted by the Great Depression in early years. However, over the past quarter century, its economy has barely grown. Each time it makes attempt to rise it falls back. Similarly, its social inequality has also been historical. Social inequality has been there through different periods, in various economic models, in dictatorships and in democratic transitions. Therefore, the main purpose of this presentation is to discuss reasons which that have contributed to social inequality and economical stagnation in Brazil. From 1500 to late 1930s, the Brazilian economy relied heavily on the production of primary products for export. In fact, its economy assumed colonial master policy that was sternly enforced during its reign that for about three centuries has curbed the development that lasted past independence. There were some changes that occurred when slavery was abolished and waged labor adopted. First important structural transformation steps were recorded in 1930 when Brazil changed into a modern, semi-industrialized economy. They were intensely felt between 1950 and 1981 when economic growth rates remained quite high with establishment of diversified manufacturing base. After World War II rapid socioeconomic transformation took place. But since early 1980s, Brazil’s economy has been encountering economic huddles that have seen it have very slow growth if not stagnation. When second oil shock stuck in 1979, the prices of oil importation in Brazil double and this had effects on trade in that it lowered terms of trade further. The increase in world trade rates caused rise in Brazil’s balance payments and size of foreign debt though country did not stop borrowing meanwhile it tried to maintain high-growth strategy. In start of 1980s, foreign debt became so acute which led to introduction of program that could generate growing trade in surpluses so that country could amortize the foreign debt. This was achieved by reducing imports and expansion of exports. Consequently, real gross domestic production declined. Mexican debt crisis of 1981 blocked Brazil’s access to international financial markets that caused much pressure for its economic adjustment. Structural Adjustment Plan was introduced by International Monetary Fund that enabled the country to meet interest payments on the debt. However, this subsequently resulted in much of economic decline compounded with high inflation rate. It happened that, inflation accelerated further due to a combination of number of factors namely the exchange –rate devaluations of austerity program, growing public deficit and escalating indexation of financial balances and wages among others. The exchange –rate devaluations of the austerity program and growing public deficit formed a classical cause of inflation. Nevertheless, increased indexation of financial balances and wage were just important mechanism for propagating inflation. At around mid 1980s, foreign debt was almost displaced by domestic debt that caused main economic problem. Previously, during period of high economic growth in 1970s, considerable portion of foreign borrowing was done by state enterprises which were the main actors in the import-substitution industrialization strategy. At first they borrowed with intention of financing their investments but later due to acute shortage of foreign exchange they were compelled by the government to borrow unnecessarily and thus increasing their debts greatly. This was worsened by the sharp increase of international rates. This followed that because the state enterprises were not supposed to go bankrupt; their debt burden was borne by the government which further increased the public debt. Coupled with disorganization of the public sector, public debt was transformed in to a big economic problem. By the end of 1980s it was necessary for large-scale fiscal reform that could result to non-inflationary financing of the public sector not only for inflation control purposes alone but also restore the public sector’s capacity to be able to invest for overall economy recovery. But this was hampered by political challenges which could not make any reform to materialize. Several attempts were mounted to bring down inflation which was the most visible symptom. There were referred to as ‘heterodox economic shocks’ namely Cruzado Plan, the Bresser Plan and the Summer Plan that came in succession in each year from 1987 to 1989 respectively. These plans did no make the situation any better. By the start of 1990s, the country was ushered into a new era that probably radiated some hope to recovery of the economy that was marked by the first post-military president Fernando Collor de Mello in March 1990. Hyperinflation and virtually bankrupt public sector was the first things he had to fix with his new administration. But preceding events could not promise any good outcome to mobilize stagnating economy. Two years later, the President Collor de Mello was impeached on corruption charges. Therefore, it is evident that the ‘undeveloped’ of Brazil’s economy has been caused by several factors. Brazil’s geographical position is one of the factors that have contributed to its slow economic growth. This is because most of it tradable natural resources are too far from potential markets for profit exploitation. For instance, during the colonial period major export was sugar which had to be produced within fifteen miles of a port or navigable river. But the huge Amazon River system flows through vast tropical forest where land is unfertile and there were no navigable rivers that were flowing where export crops could be produced using modern scientific farming methods. Brazil though had a long coastline a few were protected harbor and without railways or truck, what was produced in interior was cattle and slaves that walked to the market The same challenges face the country even today. The issue of poor transport is affecting the Brazil’s industries considerably. The government has often failed to meet export target due to the country’s transport problem and shipping of the production. Logistically, it has proven that even though it was to transport, the operating cost would increase the merchandise prices and hence lose in world market. This greatly removes Brazilian competitive advantage and makes it not to earn sufficient foreign exchange to boost it economy. World Bank has reveled that transport expenses account for about thirty five percent of the operating cost . This adversely affects even private companies. This generally had resulted to chronic lack of investment that has caused country’s economy not to develop. Another important factor to economy growth failure is the effects of the International Monetary Fund’s structural adjustment policy that trace way back to the 1980s. When the Brazil foreign debt happened to be high and was challenging to service it, International Monetary Fund to help the country, it introduced Structural Adjustment Policy which acted as stabilization program. However, it was designed from an orthodox monetarist perspective whereby it prioritized debts solvency through fiscal austerity and failed to address the core problem of Brazil’s economy. It did not curb rising inflation or initiate significant economic growth; rather it created hardship in the country. Another cause of the economy’s failure to thrive in Brazil is leadership. Brazil political leadership was characterized by emperor, politicalmachine, dictator, military authoritarianism, several military coups and impeachment leaderships. Most of these leaders’ agenda did not feature Brazil’s interest in their hearts as they establish themselves. Consequently this has made country economy to retrogress. Lastly, concentration of wealth to few minorities has perversely affected the Brazil’s economic growth. It has been observed that income inequality distribution in Brazil is one of the most unequal in the world. This has caused high poverty rates, chronic malnutrition and preventable disease that have caused the economy to drag. It is true that Brazil is socially unequal. It has been recorded to be one of the nations with high rate inequality. Its income inequality measurements according to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) are relatively higher than even some of very poor African countries such as Lesotho, Namibia or Sierra Leone and yet it belong to the wealthiest countries. The country has high income concentration that reveals that about one percent of the population belong to the richest which constitute to less than two million of the total population having approximately thirteen percent of all of household income. These results of poverty level have shown inconsistency in regards to its economic size. According to the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA) data, about thirty percent of the population with is equivalent to fifty four million people are considered to be poor. Within this same group, about twenty million people that account for almost twelve percent of the population are ranked as been extremely poor. As it can be seen, this poverty level is higher than the average ten percent in countries with a per capita income similar to that of Brazil or those countries which have a poverty level three times less than Brazil. Inequality is more pronounced in the rural areas whereby small number of large owners such as large farmers, large rural entrepreneur who are seen to monopolize most of the rural areas coexist with thousands of small land owners, landless workers and rural workers who live in precarious conditions. From the start, there exists high level of land inequalities which continues to escalate. It has been found that, the percentage of the total area occupied by the ten percent largest properties is about seventy eight percent. Similarly, there is also a gap between the rich and the poor in urban areas in which more than eighty percent of the Brazilians live presently. A good percentage of urban dwellers are living in poor conditions without proper housing and access to public equipment and public health and recreation facilities among others. Access to housing also remains highly unequal based in regional basis. For instance, while in southern region and southwest region housing conditions are approximately thirty one and twenty seven percent respectively, this percent rises to about seventy percent in the northern region and sixty percent in mid-west region. At the same note, there is also serious problem in the housing deficit whereby it is estimates that close to eight million units with ninety percent of housing deficit mainly affect poor families with an income of barely three minimum wages in a month. From this brief analysis, poverty in Brazil is associated with color and location that is, it affect the black and is concentrated in northeast region. This is because, two-thirds of all the poor in Brazil are block and seventy percent of the total population living in the in poverty are city dwellers and close to fifty one percent belong to such population who are living in northeast region. The main cause of inequalities discussed above is not due to general lack of the resources but rather it is caused by their imbalanced distribution of resources. Such inequalities in contemporary democracies seem to be attributed to tensions that exist between the ethical requirements related to ‘right’ and the importance of economic effectiveness; between the legal order that promises equality and the realty of the exclusion which is brought about by the exercise of power. It is in historic records that in many of western countries there was a period when social disparities were so extreme such that society had to mobilize government mechanisms, through laws, public policies and changes in tax system that saw some degree of redistribution to eliminate the extreme forms of poverty and inequality that existed. However, in Brazil since it was a colony, empire and then a republic it has never had attempts to promote inclusion of the poorest segments of the population. It developed in all of twentieth century with considerable number of extremely poor people. Such development process that ‘manages poverty’ is referred to as a ‘conservative modernization’ by development experts which is model that describe a situation which produces significant changes in the economy without altering established socio-economic order by affecting it slowly. In social perspective, conservative modernization implies several things for instance, lack of regulation in labor market. Nearly more than half of the working population that comprises of about forty five million male and female workers do not enjoy any labor rights such as unemployment insurance, invalalidity insurance cover, paid vacation, maternity and paternity leave, family allowances and pensions. This translates that even though the country belong to the world’s wealthiest counties, it has not ensured formal wages and minimum social protection to many of its workers. Another consequence of social inequalities in Brazil is due to low level of schooling. Universal access to quality education has not given a priority in Brazil. Presently, illiteracy level rates at about ten percent. Subsequently, the average number of years of schooling of the population aged fifteen and above is estimated to be seven percent when it is suppose be legally at least eight years. Despite the fact that there is improvement as observed from the indicators, the quality of education has long way to go. In rural area, the conservative approach is also felt particularly in agribusiness which is found to strengthens the economic power of large landowners while it neglect the unskilled wage-earning labor force and many small farmers that are not incorporated into the prevailing agricultural model. In large cities exclusion process also has taken its toll where major changes in production process and in the appropriation of urban space have synergetic effects. Their effects are reflected in social spatial restructuring processes that seem to enhance the segregation problem or what in other term would rightly be referred to as ‘social apartheid’. In such situation a significant proportion of the population is forced to live not only outside the formal labor market but also without access to proper housing and basic public services that are vital for quality life such as sanitation, education, health care, transport and recreation. Another cause of inequality is regressive tax system that heavily imposes a burden on the consumption and labor while on the other side spares the large capital. The data collected by the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE) in 2004 indicated that the tax load for the richest segment of the population who earned more than thirty minimum wages in a month accounts for about twenty six percent of the family income while the country’s poorest workers, for those with income of less than two minimum wages had a tax load which was nearly twice high- about forty nine percent. The worrying thing is that this situation is worsening over time. The same logic is found in spending of social policies that has been systematically diminishing. For instance, a decade ago there was a mechanism that was established that could allow the Federal government to withhold twenty percent of all the taxes and contributions allocated for social actions which mounted to billions of reals that were used every year to ensure the required surplus for paying interest on and repay the country’s debt. This largely contributed to inquality as the wealthiest- public debt creditor, are favored while the assistance provided by the government to the poorer population was reduced significantly. Social inequality does not only confine itself between the poor and the rich but also it is gender and race based. There is exclusion experienced by women and black people that is directly related to sexist and racist phenomena. Gender and race inequalities that has persisted for decades is an indication that individuals continue be discriminated based on their sex or color in spheres of society like in schools, labor market, political circles and family . The consequences of these perpetuated inequalities are perverse in that they make situation to look normal which in turn reinforce the stigmatization of these marginalized groups. This hinders individuals to achieve their potential and also prevents them exercise their right as Brazilian citizens. The exclusion processes that women encounters and the black people that has widened social gap is what has characterizes contemporary Brazil society. Bibliography: Beghin, N. (2008); Notes on Inequality and Poverty in Brazil: Current Situation and Challenges. Retrieved on 8th January 2009 from: http://www. oxfam. org. uk/resources/downloads/FP2P/FP2P_Brazil_Inequality_Poverty_BP_ENGLISH. pdf Brazil Historical Background and Economic Growth (2009);http://www. floridabrasil. com/brazil/guide-about-Brazil-Economy-Historical-Background-Economic-Growth. htm Coatsworth, J. H. (2007); Why is Brazil â€Å"Underdeveloped†; Retrieved on 8th January 2009from:http://www. drclas. harvard. edu/revista/articles/view/934. Hamilton, C. V. (2001); Beyond Racism: Race and Inequality in Brazil, South Africa, and the United States. ISBN 158826002X, 9781588260024Lynne Rienner Publishers. Nathalie B. (2008); Notes on Inequality and Poverty in Brazil: Current Situation and Challenges. Retrieved on 8th January 2009 from: http://www. oxfam. org. uk/resources/downloads/FP2P/FP2P_Brazil_Inequality_Poverty_BP_ENGLISH. pdf Saddi, V. (2008); Lack of Infrastructure Investment in Brazil: A Constraint on Economic Growth; Retrieved on 8th January 2009 from:http://www. rgemonitor. com/economonitor-monitor/253645/lack_of_infrastructure_investment_in_brazil_a_constraint_on_economic_growth Weyland, K. G. (2002); The Politics of Market Reform in Fragile Democracies: Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela. ISBN 0691096430, 9780691096438, Princeton University Press Wise, C. (2003); Reinventing the State: Economic Strategy and Institutional Change in Peru. ISBN 047211316X, 9780472113163, University of Michigan Press.

Masters of Satire: John Dryden and Jonathan Swift Essay

â€Å"Both Swift and Dryden are masters of satire. Usually the satire is directed against an opponent/enemy or a political process. Using references from one poem from each writer, discuss how and why each uses satire and wit as a cutting sword.† John Dryden and Jonathan Swift became remarkable satirists through their ability to cleverly entwine political innuendos into their writings. There were mountains of governmental and religious issues occurring in the era of Dryden and Swift and these two witty men penned their standings into poetry and tales of adventure. Dryden’s â€Å"Absalom and Achitophel† is laced with his outlooks on England’s situations. He uses numerous moments of humor to make fun of the religious situation between the Catholics and the Protestants and also the political drama after the death of King Charles. His descriptions of the similarities between England’s issues and the many parallels to biblical problems are uncanny. Lines 433 through 438 are just on example of the satire Dryden weaved into his poem. â€Å"Would David have you thought his darling son? What means he then, to alienate the crown? The name of godly he may blush to bear: ‘Tis after God’s own heart to cheat his heir. He to his brother gives supreme command To you a legacy of barren land†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (890) Dryden was exposing the hypocrisy of King Charles who claimed to be a pious man, yet he shunned his own son. In â€Å"A Description of a City Shower†, Swift incorporated hints of political and class struggles in England. As I read this poem, I got the feeling that Swift was implying that, when national tragedy strikes (when it rains), no matter what class of citizen you are or political party you belong to, you  have the same reaction as everyone else. The King on down to the poorest peasant shares the need to survive. â€Å"Here various kinds, by various fortunes led, Commence acquaintance underneath a shed.† (968) I may have been off on what the author really wanted to express, but that is how I felt and I could not help but think of 9/11 and how the United States came together. Democrats, Republicans, Liberals, and every other political party came together under tragedy. This poem made me see the bond of nationality all over again.